Overview

Betta fish, also known as Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), are one of the most popular freshwater fish in the aquarium hobby. Known for their vibrant colours and flowing fins, bettas are often kept as centrepiece fish in smaller aquariums.

They are relatively hardy but require proper care and stable conditions to thrive. Despite common myths, bettas should not be kept in tiny bowls and benefit from a properly filtered and heated tank.

Tank Size

Betta fish do best in a properly sized aquarium with stable conditions.

• Minimum tank size: 10 litres
• Recommended tank size: 20 litres or more
• A lid is recommended, as bettas can jump

A larger tank makes it easier to maintain water quality and gives the fish space to swim and explore.

Water Parameters

Stable water conditions are essential for betta health.

• Temperature: 24–28°C
• pH: 6.5–7.5
• Ammonia: 0 ppm
• Nitrite: 0 ppm
• Nitrate: below 20 ppm

A heater is usually required, especially in the UK, to maintain a consistent temperature.

Feeding

Bettas are carnivorous and require a protein-rich diet.

• High-quality betta pellets
• Frozen or live foods (bloodworms, brine shrimp)
• Occasional treats

Feed small amounts once or twice daily. Avoid overfeeding, as bettas are prone to bloating and digestive issues.

Tank Setup

A proper tank setup is key to keeping a healthy betta.

• Gentle filter (low flow preferred)
• Heater to maintain stable temperature
• Live or silk plants for resting and hiding
• Smooth decorations to prevent fin damage

Avoid strong currents, as bettas have long fins and prefer calmer water.

Tank Mates

Bettas can be kept alone or with carefully selected tank mates.

Possible tank mates:

• Snails
• Shrimp (may be eaten)
• Peaceful, small fish

Avoid:

• Aggressive fish
• Fin-nipping species
• Other male bettas

Always monitor behaviour when introducing tank mates.

Common Mistakes

• Keeping bettas in small, unfiltered bowls
• Not using a heater
• Overfeeding
• Strong filter flow stressing the fish
• Mixing with aggressive tank mates

Final Thoughts

Betta fish are beautiful and rewarding to keep when provided with the right environment. With proper tank setup, stable water conditions, and a good diet, they can live healthy and active lives for several years.